There were 48 vacancies out of 890 authorized federal judicial posts as of July 31, 2025. Forty-seven of those were for Article III judgeships. This report is limited to Article III courts, where appointees are confirmed to lifetime judgeships. Since June 15, 2025:
- Five judges have been confirmed.
- 10 judges have been nominated.
By July 31, 2025—193 days in office—President Donald Trump (R) had nominated 15 judges to Article III judgeships. For historical comparison*:
- President Joe Biden (D) had nominated 30 individuals during his first term, 30 of whom were ultimately confirmed to their positions.
- President Donald Trump (R) had nominated 28 individuals during his first term, 20 of whom were ultimately confirmed to their positions.
- President Barack Obama (D) had nominated 12 individuals during his first term, 12 of whom were confirmed.
- President George W. Bush (R) had nominated 29 individuals during his first term, four of whom were confirmed.
*Note: These figures include unsuccessful nominations. Joshua Divine, who was nominated for the United States District Courts for the Eastern and Western Districts of Missouri, was counted once.
The following data visualizations track the number of Article III judicial nominations by president by days in office during the Trump, Biden, Obama, and W. Bush administrations (2001-present).
The first tracker is limited to successful nominations, where the nominee was ultimately confirmed to their respective court:
The second tracker counts all Article III nominations, including unsuccessful nominations (for example, the nomination was withdrawn or the U.S. Senate did not vote on the nomination), renominations of individuals to the same court, and recess appointments. A recess appointment is when the president appoints a federal official while the Senate is in recess.
The data contained in these charts is compiled by Ballotpedia staff from publicly available information provided by the Federal Judicial Center. The comparison by days shown between the presidents is not reflective of the larger states of the federal judiciary during their respective administrations and is intended solely to track nominations by president by day.
Additional reading: