Incumbent Vicente Gonzalez Jr. (D) defeated Eric Flores (R), Eddie Espinoza (G), and Chris Royal (L) to win the general election for Texas' 34th Congressional District on November 3, 2026.

During mid-decade redistricting, the district was redrawn to one that President Donald Trump (R) would have won in 2024 54.7%-44.5%, compared to 51.8%-47.3% under the old lines. This made it one of 23 Democratic-held U.S. House districts up for election in 2026 that Trump won in the 2024 presidential election. As of November 3, 2026, election forecasters rated the district either Toss-up or Lean Democratic. According to a Spectrum News 1 analysis of August 2026 polling, "results suggest that some Hispanic voters might be returning to the Democratic Party after shifting to the GOP in recent elections."

According to reporting from Courier Texas' ShaVonne Herndon, Flores could have benefited from both redistricting and Trump's endorsement, while Gonzalez could have benefited from voter dissatisfaction with the economy. Herndon said, "Texas 34 is one of the closest House races in the country and one of the clearest places to watch whether the politics of loyalty can outrun the economics of affordability."

Gonzalez was first elected to Congress in 2016. Before entering politics, Gonzalez was an attorney in private practice. Gonzalez said, "I'm taking on drug and insurance companies to lower your costs, requiring Medicare to negotiate lower drug prices, and capping the cost of insulin at $35 a month. And I'm fighting to end the reckless tariffs that are driving up the costs of groceries and everything else."

Flores was a lawyer and veteran of the U.S. Army and Texas Army National Guard. He also served as an assistant U.S. attorney for the Southern District of Texas. A campaign ad said, "Eric Flores led operations on our southern border as an Army infantry captain, took on cartels as a federal prosecutor, and Eric never backs down from a fight. Eric will secure the border, defend law enforcement, and fight alongside President Trump like he always has."

As of October 14, 2026, Gonzalez had raised $5.21 million and Flores had raised $4.01 million.

The outcome of this race affected the partisan balance of the U.S. House of Representatives in the 120th Congress. All 435 U.S. House districts were up for election.

At the time of the election, Republicans had a 219-214 majority with two vacancies in the U.S. House.